Every few minutes, a loudspeaker, at the outer side of one of the walls, plays a recording of a narrative of the events. The adjacent wall reflects the sound waves back into the monument and, additionally, the other walls enclose the sound Fig. The loudspeaker is not seen but heard. In this way the sound is distant and discrete, and the general feel- ing is not so imposing. The visitor learns about the past events without being overwhelmed by the monument. We see again that the form of space transforms the sound properties and therefore its potential function.
The monument is here exam- ined not because of its historical importance but because it was subjected to several structural trans- formations throughout history. We are aware of three phases: a the late 6th cent. During these phases the shape, scale and orientation of the monument was radically transformed Fig.
In the first phase the assembly is contained within the chiseled limestone. The curved wall on the south side has a 50m radius. The speaker does not stand in the center of the curve.
Behind the speaker, on the north side, a wall is enclosing space. The exact height of the wall is not known, since only the foundation exists. Here we assume that the wall was quite high m , even though assumptions to the contrary also exist. The far wings of this wall form a degree angle. The ground is made of the same limestone soil. In the second phase the orientation of the Pnyx rotates degrees. The citizens now turn their backs on the Agora.
They stand on an embankment supported by a retaining wall on the north side, which has a curved form and 40m radius. The embankment's inclination is much smaller 4. In the third phase the orientation remains the same. Behind the bema the engraved lime- stone forms a scene that has a wide angle shape. The general dimensions are 67xm.
The floor is now made of soil Figure Figure The three phases of the Athenian Pnyx. Left: Late 6 th cent. In all plans the third phase is indicated with a dashed line for the purpose of comparison.
Figure Sections of first left and second right phase [11] Figure Model of third phase. In both models the Figure Model of first phase north is on the right side of the picture. The three phases differ from each other in many respects, including their acoustic properties. Here the first and last phases, which display the biggest differences, are compared. The engraved wall behind the audience also creates reflections and is responsible for an interesting effect: those sitting in the last rows hear better, because of these reflections Fig.
Previews available in: English. Add another edition? Form, function, and design Paul Jacques Grillo. Donate this book to the Internet Archive library. If you own this book, you can mail it to our address below. Borrow Listen. Want to Read. Delete Note Save Note. Download for print-disabled. The Future of Product Design is a report that looks deep into why products are designed the way they are, and how this impacts the way things are going to be designed from hereon out.
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This e-book may be focusing on design perfect for non-profit organizations, but the learnings you get from this e-book can be applied to pretty much any kind of design. We use the project management app Trello to document everything. We create step-by-step processes to automate tasks like setting up passwords to booking flights to marketing a new feature.
Write it down once. Forget it forever. Use fewer tools. Figuring out a new tool or switching tools takes time. Pick a few good tools that could be used for many things. Our company picks flexible tools we expect to stick around. Chunk your tasks. As a CEO you need to do and give input on a lot of things. To reduce the inefficiency of constantly switching between tasks, I set aside blocks of time to do similar tasks. I create repeating events in my calendar and block out time between 1—3 hours depending on the task.
For example, I check our team messaging app Slack twice a day. The rest of the day I quit Slack. I also bulk all my meetings together in the afternoons. Chunking tasks together helps keep your brain focused so you you can do better work in less time.
Do focused work. Not all hours are created equal. One hour of focused work with no distractions is more valuable than three hours of interrupted work. Sometimes I even work from my phone because it forces me to only see one screen at a time. Remove the chance for interruption.
It was hard when I first started working with extreme focus. I felt like I was being rude. I realized one of the mistakes I made was not telling people how I was working. Both of these only lead to more stress which ultimately hurts your focus. That first task on your list looks hard or you feel tired. One way to overcome this is to start your day with a couple easier tasks to get your momentum going.
By simply opening my computer and doing something easy like cleaning off screenshots from my desktop switches my brain into work mode. Win your morning. Our biological clock makes most of us feel most alert in the morning.
To find your most important task, think about yourself at the end of the day. If you only got one thing done, what task would make you feel most accomplished at the end of the day? Start your day with that. Constrain the time you work. I work in 1—1. When researchers at Florida State University looked at elite performers, they found the best performers practiced in uninterrupted, minute sessions and rarely worked more than four and a half hours in a day. I can feel my energy level and focus dip as I get to the end of an hour of focused work.
Constraining the time you work helps you stay focused. I used to set aside full days for focused work. The problem was because I had all day, I would relax. This often led to procrastination. Now I use a timer to clock my 1—1.
Often by doing easier, less important things. Maintain good health. Just move. National Geographic researcher Dan Buettner studied areas of the world where people are living the longest. One thing he consistently found was the impact of constant, low intensity exercise, either from walking, standing up and sitting down, or tending to a garden. Staying in any one position for too long causes our blood circulation to drop. Moving gives you a moment to refresh. Hang out with someone who makes you happy every day.
People who make us happy make us feel good. If we feel good, we do better work. No matter how much I have going on, I prioritize my family. It makes me happy. When I get back to work, I feel fresher. Make it easy to eat healthy.
Eating well can help you work more efficiently. The challenge is preparing and eating well can take up 2—3 hours a day. The trick is to figure out how to eat well without all the prep.
Most meals I make take less than 15 minutes to make. I usually make 2 eggs in the morning with an avocado and salads for lunch and dinner along with a protein source like fish.
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